DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN BOTANY
SANATANA DHARMA COLLEGE, ALAPPUZHA
BSc Botany Programme Outcomes
❖ To impart knowledge of Science is the basic objective of education.
❖ To develop scientific attitude is the major objective to make the students open minded, critical,curious.
❖ To develop skill in practical work, experiments and laboratory materials and equipments along with the collection and interpretation of scientific data to contribute the science.
❖ To understand scientific terms, concepts, facts, phenomenon and their relationships.
❖ To make the students aware of natural resources and environment.
❖ To provide practical experience to the students as a part of the course to develop scientific ability to work in the field of research and other fields of their own interest and to make them fit for society.
❖ The students are expected to acquire knowledge of plant and related subjects so as to understand natural phenomenon, manipulation of nature and environment for the benefit of human beings.
❖ To develop ability for the application of the acquired knowledge to improve agriculture and other related fields to make the country self reliant and sufficient.
❖ Understand and appreciate the role of biology in societal issues, such as the environment and biological resources, biodiversity, ethics and human health and diseases.
❖ To enrich the students with the latest developments in the field of Information technology, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and other related fields of research and development
❖ To create enthusiasm to understand more about the beautiful planet Earth and to give awareness to the public the need to protect the planet from all kinds of exploitation.
❖ To keep the scientific temper which the student acquired from school level and to develop a research culture
❖ To introduce the students to industrial activities related to Botany and to get an industry orientation and skills
Semester 1
ANGIOSPERM ANATOMY, REPRODUCTIVE BOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY
Course code BO 1141 Number of credits: 3
Aim of the course: To generate awareness about anatomical features of Angiosperms
&Reproductive biology.
Objectives:
▪ To develop skills for identification of microscopic structures
▪ To distinguish various tissue systems and internal structure
▪ To acquire basic knowledge about embryo development and pollen grains
Expected Outcome
∙ Students are able to understand the complexities of cell wall organization, microscopic and sub microscopic structures.
∙ Students can distinguish various anatomical features of monocots and dicots (stem and root) with respect to permanent tissues and tissue systems.
∙ Identify and differentiate male and female gametophyte development in angiosperms.
∙ Distinguish monocot and dicot embryo and the basic features of pollen grains.
Semester 2
FOUNDATION COURSE
1.METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT SCIENCES
Course code : BO 1221Number of credits : 3
2.BO1222 Core II (Practical-I -BO1141, BO1221)
Aim of the course: To introduce the methodology and perspectives of Science in
generalso as to enable the students to systematically pursue his particular discipline in
science in relation to other disciplines that come under the rubric of sciences.
Objectives:
▪ To familiarize the students with the fundamental characteristics of science and significance of scientific studies
▪ To apply scientific methods independently and familiarize instruments in biological labs
▪ To interpret scientific data using basic statistical methods
▪ To develop skills for microscopic specimen preparation.
Expected outcome
∙ Students will be familiarized with the fundamental characteristics of Science.
∙ Develops an idea about involvement of science in improvement of human life.
∙ Create awareness of scientific approach towards life and learns the values of ethics in science.
∙ Develops skills to interpret scientific data using basic statistical methods.
∙ Create skills to prepare specimens for microscopic and gross anatomical studies and
familiarize with different microscopic methods for sample analysis.
∙ Students become able to prepare buffers, measure pH, separate plant pigments and
construct absorption spectrum of a sample.
Semester 3
MICROBIOLOGY, PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY, LICHENOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
Course code : BO 1341Number of credits : 3
Aim of the course: To create awareness about the world of microbes and lower groups
of plants.
Objectives:
To familiarize characteristic features of microbes and their significance
To create awareness about importance of microbes in environment
To generate idea about types of algae, fungi, lichen and their economic as well as
evolutionary significance
Expected outcome
- The student can prepare micropreparations and identify the thallus and
reproductive structures of lower plant groups like algae, fungi and lichen
- An awareness created among students about various microbes, structure and
economic importance
- Students can use effectively the methodology to isolateand identify bacteria
present in curd and root nodules
- Can identify various plant diseases, etiology of pathogens and control measures
Able to prepare fungisides like tobacco decoction and Bordeaux mixture
Semester 4
1.BRYOLOGY, PTERIDOLOGY, GYMNOSPERMS AND
PALAEOBOTANY
Course code : BO 1441 Number of credits : 3
- BO1442 Core V (Practical-II BO1341 &BO1441)
Aim of the course: To create awareness about non flowering plant groups like
Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms.
Objectives:
▪ To familiarize the students characteristic features and evolutionary significance of
Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms.
▪ To generate awareness about lifecycle of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and
Gymnosperms.
▪ To impart knowledge about fossil formation and its significance
Expected outcome
∙ Students are able to make micropreparations of thallus and reproductive
structures of as well as better understanding of the life cycle of selected
members of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms
∙ Can understand the economic and ecologic importance of lower groups of
plant kingdom
∙ Better understanding of fossilization and importance of Palaeobotany
∙ Identify various parts of fossil plants through micro slides.
Semester 5
ANGIOSPERM MORPHOLOGY, SYSTEMATIC BOTANY,
ECONOMIC BOTANY, ETHNO BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY
Course Code: BO1541Number of Credits :4
Aim of the course: To understand classification, identification and preservation of
angiosperms along with ethnobotanical importance.
Objectives:
▪ To introduce importance of morphological characters in classification and plant
identification.
▪ To develop skill for herbarium preparation.
▪ To acquire knowledge about economic, ethnobotanical significance and pharmacognosy
of plants
Expected outcome
∙ Ability to identify different types of inflorescences, flowers and fruits, their arrangement
and relative position.
∙ Familiarization of basic rules of Angiosperm classification and different types of
classification.
∙ Preparation and maintenance of Herbarium.
∙ Identification of plants to their respective families.
∙ Understanding of ethnobotanical and pharmacological significance of plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, DISASTER MANAGEMENT,
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Course code: BO 1542 Number of Credits: 4
Aim of the course: To inculcate environmental awareness among students for
protecting the Nature.
Objectives:
- To create awareness about ecosystem and Natural resources.
- To generate knowledge about importance of Biodiversity conservation
- To understand the need to mitigate pollution and strategies for disaster management
- To impart knowledge about phytogeographical regions
- To impart knowledge about the methodology of research and preparation of report
Expected outcome
▪ Develops awareness about natural resources, its conservation and importance of
sustainable lifestyles.
▪ Understands and identify different ecosystems and ecosystem processes.
▪ Develops deep understanding about biodiversity and importance of its conservation
▪ Develops skills to identify polluted sites, its major pollutants and recognize the need to
mitigate environmental pollution
▪ Awareness about different types of disasters and to adopt strategies to overcome and
reduce the impact
▪ Identify the importance of phytogeographical sites in India
▪ Can devise an experimental design and carry out a project
▪ Students trained about various steps for the conduct of a research project and write a
project report
CELL BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Course Code : BO 1543 Number of credits : 3
Aim of the course: To familiarize cellular organelles, Classical Genetics and importance of
Evolution.
Objectives:
▪ To create awareness about cellular organelles.
▪ To develop skills to identify cell stages and workout problems in classical genetics.
▪ To introduce different theories of evolution
Expected outcome
∙ Students have a better understanding of cell structure and cell organelles
∙ Prepare microslides of cell divisions and identify various stages of mitosis and meiosis
∙ Able to workout problems in classical genetics, modified mendelian ratios and population
genetics
∙ Able to understand genetic diseases and their inheritance
∙ Understand evolutionary principles, theories and methods of speciation
Semester 6
1.PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Course code: BO 1641Number of Credits: 4
- BO1644 Core (Practical-3) XII (BO1541 & BO1542)
- BO1645 Core (Practical-4) XIII IV (BO1543, BO1641,BO1642, 1643)
Aim of the course: To create awareness about physiological and biochemical aspects of
growth & metabolism
Objectives:
To understand physiology of absorption, photosynthesis and respiration.
To study physiological responses in growth, movements and flowering of plants
To generate awareness about biomolecules.
To develop skill for testing of biomolecules
Expected outcome of the Course
Students get a clear understanding of the basic concepts of Physiology and
Biochemistry.
Understands photosynthesis, respiration, plant growth regulators, nitrogen
metabolism, and stress physiology
Familiarization of basic physiological practical procedures.
Students get the basic knowledge about the macromolecules and their overall role
in cell metabolism; and secondary plant products.
Identification of protein, reducing and non reducing sugar by qualitative tests.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENERAL INFORMATICS &BIOINFORMATICS
Course code : BO 1642Number of credits : 4
Aim of the course: To develop knowledge about molecular biology of genetic material and
gene expression along with information technology and biological databases
Objectives:
▪ To generate awareness of genetic material and gene expression.
▪ To get an overview of information technology
▪ To develop skill for using internet, biological databases and molecular visualization
tools
Expected outcome
∙ Understands DNA as genetic material, develops awareness about chemical composition
and different types of DNA including their replication method.
∙ Students understand various molecular aspects of gene expression and regulation of
genes
∙ Develops awareness about various academic services applied for their studies
∙ Awareness about features of a computer, different application and system software.
∙ Recognizes the need for safe use of internet and also become aware about health issues
related to over usage of computers and mobile phones as well as cyber crimes and cyber
laws.
∙ Students will be familiarized to molecular phylogeney, Biological Databases, Sequence
analysis, Genomics, Proteomics & Comparative genomics
BIOTECHNOLOGY, NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY, HORTICULTURE & PLANT BREEDING
Course code : BO 1643Number of credits : 4
Aim of the course: To introduce horticultural techniques and plant breeding along with
awareness in research methodology
Objectives:
∙ To introduce plant biotechnology, tissue culture and rDNA technology
∙ To give insight into applications in industrial biotechnology and nano biotechnology
∙ To get an awareness in principles and methods of gardening
∙ To understand plant breeding techniques and develop skill for hybridization.
∙ To get knowledge about research methodology and preparation of projects
Expected Outcome
∙ Students are familiarized in preparation of culture solutions, sterilization, inoculation
of explants, induction of callus and morphogenesis
∙ They are familiarized in biotechnological tools like RFLP, RAPD and PCR
∙ techniques
∙ Appreciate the application of equipments and tools in biotechnology
∙ Understanding of ethical and legal issues in biotechnology and basic knowledge
∙ about IPR
∙ Better understanding of nanosystems, and applications of nanomaterials
∙ Students able to identify and use various horticultural implements
∙ Can propagate plants through grafting, budding and layering &can prepare
∙ manures, fungicides etc
∙ Can effectively do plant breeding methods and understands ttheir practical
∙ application in betterment of food crops
OPEN COURSE –I (a)
HORTICULTURE
Course code : BO1551.1 Number of credits : 2
Aim of the course: To develop knowledge about principles of gardening, propagation
and flower arrangement
Objectives:
To introduce horticultural methods
To familiarize propagation methods in plants.
To study types of gardens and flower arrangements
Expected outcome
∙ Students are familiarized in horticulture implements and methods of gardening
∙ Better understanding of commercial horticulture, flower arrangement, cut flowers
∙ Can undertstand about land scaping, fertilizers and Plant protection
INDUSTRY BASED ELECTIVE COURSE (a)
ORGANIC FARMING
Course code : BO1661.1 Number of credits : 2
Aim of the course: To introduce students to agriculture industry and familiarize
students to the potential of Organic farming
Sector / Industry – Agriculture, Companies dealing with production of
Biofertilizer/Biopesticide/organic manure
Placement opportunities – Students can start organic farming initiatives, can lead export of
organic farm produce, can get inducted in Biofertilizer/Biopesticide/organic manure
preparation and marketing companies
Unique Skills – Learn the basic principles of organic farming, preparation of organic
manures, biopesticides and biofertilizers
Course outcome –
- Students will understand the ancient agricultural practices and protect the
environment from the recent indiscriminate, avaricious anthropogenic onslaughts
that the extent of damage done is at least be mitigated.
- Students can assess the advantages of organic farming with as an alternative to use
of anthropogenic chemicals that biofertilizers and natural means of crop protection
including the advocacy of IPM can ensure profitable farming.
- Students can analyse the various forms of microbes as suppliers of organic
nutrients, including nitrates, phosphates enriching the soil that would eventually
have a bearing on the methods of cultivation with enhanced nitrogen supply.
- Students apply the knowledge of using biopesticides without harming the co- living
microbiota and life forms in the ecosystem and understand that the use crop
protection chemicals can be avoided to safe guard environment.
- Students will use the acquired knowledge needed to prepare eco friendly
commercial formulations meeting national and international standards and
regulations and float newer entrepreneurial ventures