DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SANATANA DHARMA COLLEGE, ALAPPUZHA
BSc Microbiology Programme outcomes
- To impart knowledge of science is the basic objective of education.
- To develop a scientific attitude is the major objective to make the students open minded, critical & curious.
- To develop skill in practical work, experiments and laboratory materials and equipments along with the collection and interpretation of scientific data to contribute the science.
- To understand scientific terms, concepts, facts, phenomena and their relationships.
- To make the students aware of natural resources and the environment.
- To provide practical experience to the students as a part of the course to develop scientific ability to work in the field of research and other fields of their own interest andto make them fit for society.
- The students are expected to acquire knowledge of microbiology and related subjects soas to understand natural phenomenon, manipulation of nature and environment in the benefit of human beings
- To develop the ability for the application of the acquired knowledge to improve agriculture and other related fields to make the country self-reliant and sufficient.
- To create the interest of the society in the subject and scientific hobbies, exhibitions and other similar activities.
- To enrich the students with the latest developments in the field of Information Technology, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and other related fields of research and development.
- To create enthusiasm to understand more about the beautiful planet Earth and to give awareness to the public the need to protect the planet from all kinds of exploitation.
- To keep the scientific temper which the student acquired from school level and to develop a research culture.
SEMESTER 1
COURSE TITLE: METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES OF SCIENCES
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of principles in science gained during H. Sc.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The major objective of this paper is to develop a clear understanding of the methodology and perspectives of science in general so as to enable the students to systematically pursue their particular discipline in science in relation to the other disciplines that come under the rubric of sciences.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To identify what is science, cite the basis of scientific laws, recognize and discuss the different applications of science in human activity.
- To explain the theories and laws in science and describe the importance of hypothesis, models, simulations and virtual testing.
- To restate in own words about types of experiments and summarize how to plan an experiment- design, observations, documentation and interpretation.
- To apply statistical testing to accept or reject a hypothesis and analyze scientific correlation, pattern and trends from the data.
- To illustrate and distinguish the different modes of data presentation and apply varied statistical tools.
To discuss and practice the principles of ethics in science.
PRACTICAL PAPER: METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES OF SCIENCES
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of principles in science gained during H. Sc.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The course imparts knowledge to students on various statistical methods used for data analysis. The course also familiarizes the student with different instruments used in biology.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To apply primary statistical methods to data and analyze the results generated.
- To compile and present some of the great inventions in biology.
- To represent statistical data as graphs, diagrams or pie chart.
SEMESTER II
COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
PRE– REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge on biology gained during H. Sc.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To become familiar with the foundation concepts of history of Microbiology and to understand the structure and functions of a typical prokaryotic cell. To gain the knowledge of microscopy, staining concepts, culture methods and culture media. To understand and implement sterilization techniques and safety measures.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To recall the history of microbiology and cite the contributions of various scientists.
- To describe and illustrate the general structural characteristics of microorganisms.
- To explain and apply the principles of various microscopic, staining and disinfecting techniques.
- To describe and use the basic techniques of microbiology.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the first semester of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course develops the concepts of various techniques and instruments used in the Microbiology laboratory with respect to isolation, handling and culture techniques in Microbiology.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To review and practice the general rules and precautions to be followed in a microbiology laboratory.
- To describe and apply the various techniques in cleaning and sterilization of glassware in a microbiology laboratory.
- To explain the working principle and operate various instruments used in a microbiology laboratory.
- To distinguish different types of microbial culture media.
- To prepare different types of culture media used in microbiology.
- To use the standard techniques employed for isolation of microorganisms.
- Develop a skill for the isolation of pure cultures.
- To discuss and summarize the colony morphology of microorganisms.
SEMESTER III
COURSE TITLE: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the second semester of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The major objective of this paper is to develop a clear understanding of the taxonomical classification of microorganisms and gain knowledge on the distinguishing morphological features of bacteria, actinomycetes, viruses, fungi and algae.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To recall the principles of classification and review the taxonomical classification of microorganisms.
- To distinguish between the different classes of microorganisms and their general characteristics.
- To compare and distinguish the morphological features of different microorganisms.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the second semester of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course develops the concepts of various staining techniques for the basic identification of unknown bacteria and fungi.
and instruments used in the Microbiology laboratory with respect to isolation, handling and culture techniques in Microbiology.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To practice simple and differential staining techniques for the identification unknown bacteria.
- To practice fungal identification based on lactophenol cotton blue staining method.
- To study motility of bacteria.
- To practice anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms.
SEMESTER IV
COURSE TITLE: Immunology
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of immunology studied during HSc and first, second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To understand the various components of the host immune system, their structure and organization, and functions to serve as the defense system of the body. To understand the operational mechanisms which underlie the host defense system, allergy and organ transplantation.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
- Understand various immune mechanisms.
- Describe various immune cells and organs involved in immunity.
- Understand different immunological techniques for the serological diagnosis of infectious diseases.
- Understand the basis of allergy reactions, auto immune mechanisms, transplantation and preparation of various vaccines.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of Immunology studied during the first &second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To understand blood grouping, Rh factor and diagnostic tests used in clinical microbiology lab.
COURSE OUTCOME:
- To summarize the standard laboratory procedures in immunology.
- To understand how to handle blood and infectious samples
- To identify and differentiate blood groups and Rh factor.
- To describe and use different diagnostic tests
SEMESTER V
COURSE TITLE: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms during the first year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To gain knowledge in nutritional requirements of bacteria and different methods for the isolation of microorganisms from various samples. In addition, become familiar with the microbial metabolism and concepts of microbial genetics and to understand the importance of recombination in bacteria along with their resistance to antibiotics.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able:
- To understand the nutritional diversity among microorganisms and use of different inorganic sources for energy production.
- To understand how carbohydrates are metabolized in the microbial cells and the diverse metabolic pathways leading to energy production.
- To illustrate different methods of bacterial recombination.
- To understand different plasmids in bacteria.
- To discuss regulation of gene expression in bacteria.
- To correlate and predict the different types of mutations and molecular mechanism involved.
- To describe various mechanisms and significance of drug resistance in bacteria.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the third semester of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To gain knowledge and skill in different factors that affects the growth of microorganisms and to understand basic biochemical and growth characteristics of bacteria.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
- To explain the nutritional diversity among microorganisms for the selective isolation of microorganisms.
- To discuss the effect of environmental factors on the growth rate of bacteria.
- To describe the different biochemical tests for the identification of unknown bacteria.
- To describe fermentation of carbohydrates.
SEMESTER V
COURSE TITLE: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
PRE- REQUISITE:
Knowledge of microorganisms during the first & second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To learn the basic concepts of medical microbiology and microbial pathogenesis: study of microbes, antimicrobial agents, epidemiology, and virulence factors associated with the pathogenic microorganisms.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
- Understand the details of major human infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa.
- Define epidemiological aspects of microbial diseases.
- Discuss about important prophylactic measures of microbial diseases.
- Realize applications of antibiotic sensitivity tests.
- Understand laboratory diagnostics for the identification of infectious agents.
- Review antimicrobial agents
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms studied during the first &second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate methods used to identify common infectious agents in the clinical microbiology lab. To assess treatment strategies including the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents and common mechanisms of antimicrobial action and resistance and to perform various serological and immunological diagnostic tests.
COURSE OUTCOME:
- To learn standard laboratory procedures in clinical microbiology.
- To understand how to handle and identify medically important bacteria.
- To perform antimicrobial sensitivity tests.
- To gain knowledge on various staining and identification techniques of different bacteria
SEMESTER V
COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms during the first year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To impart knowledge about the structure, composition and functioning of microbial communities of diverse environment and to become familiar with basics of water-borne and air-borne diseases, and also to understand the role of microbial population in waste management, mineral recovery, bioremediation, and management of various types of xenobiotics and environmental impact of genetically modified organisms.
COURSE OUTCOME:
On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of microorganisms as components of ecosystem.
- Explain the principles of microbial interactions and its importance with suitable examples.
- Review the major microorganisms present in air and aquatic environments, distinguish air- borne and water-borne diseases and discuss various methods to check air and water quality
- Compare the various methods of treatment of solid and liquid wastes.
- Describe the role of microorganisms in biodegradation & bioremediation.
- Discuss environmental and ethical aspects of genetically modified organisms.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms during the first year of this programme
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To provide knowledge on water quality analysis, isolation and enumeration of microorganisms from water and air samples.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
- Demonstrate, apply the various techniques used for assessing water and air quality as well as analyze and interpret the findings
- Use the taught techniques to isolate and enumerate microorganisms from various environmental samples.
- Describe Indian Standard Institute specification for drinking water
SEMESTER VI
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms and laboratory techniques studied during the first & second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To make the students knowledgeable on screening, strain improvement and preservation of industrially important microbes, industrial production of various microbial products by fermentative process, downstream processing of the products and to understand various techniques and types of fermenters used in fermentation industries.
COURSE OUTCOME:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
- Review the various stages of and techniques used in fermentation industries.
- Discuss and compare the different types of fermentative processes, fermenters, and downstream processing techniques used in industry.
- Asses and apply isolation, screening, and preservation techniques of microbes.
- Summarize and give examples of fermentative production of organic acids, amino acids, enzymes and antibiotics.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms and laboratory techniques studied during the first & second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To make the students knowledgeable on production of various industrial products and to understand various techniques used in fermentation industries such as screening, isolation, enumeration, immobilization and preservation of industrially important microorganisms.
COURSE OUTCOME:
After the completion of this course, the student will be able to:
- Describe the methodology to isolate and identify microbial antibiotics from environmental samples.
- Discuss to isolate and enumerate microorganisms from food samples.
- Illustrate wine production from grapes.
- Describe the immobilization and preservation techniques of microbes.
SEMESTER VI
COURSE TITLE: FOOD AND DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the first year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The course will enable students to understand the importance of microorganisms in food and allied industries. The course will teach the role of microbes in food spoilage, contamination and various food borne diseases. The course will also provide an insight into the principles of food preservation and methods for microbial examination of food.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To describe the various factors affecting microbial growth and categorize the different groups of microorganisms associated with food.
- To explain the different sources of contamination and summarize the general principles underlying spoilage of food.
- To describe different methods for the preservation of food.
- To understand basics of dairy microbiology microbial spoilage of milk, milk borne diseases and preservation methods.
- To describe the beneficial role of microbes in fermented foods and fermented dairy products and other indigenous fermented foods.
- To paraphrase on food poisoning and food borne diseases.
- To discuss the basis of food safety regulations and HACCP.
PRACTCAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the first and second year of this programme
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The course imparts knowledge to students on various methods of microbial analysis of food mainly with respect to quality testing and detection of bacteria in milk.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- To examine the role of microorganisms in in spoilage of different varieties of food.
- To apply different techniques for the detection of bacteria in milk.
- To apply different techniques for quality testing of milk and analyze the results obtained.
- To demonstrate the methods employed for mushroom cultivation.
SEMESTER VI
COURSE TITLE: BIOINFORMATICS & BIOSTATISTICS
PRE- REQUISITE:
Knowledge of biological data bases during the first & second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To learn the basic concepts of bioinformatics and biological databases. To distinguish molecular modeling, sequence analysis and alignment. To gain knowledge in statistical tools in data interpretation, significance test and sampling methods.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- Adapt the basic concepts of biological databases.
- Integrate comparative genomics with pharmacogenomics.
- Justify molecular phylogeny and phylogeny trees.
- Construct graphs, tables, histograms and pi diagrams for data interpretation.
- Compile data generated from sampling methods and evaluate tests of significance based on T and Chi square test.
PRACTICAL
PRE- REQUISITE:
Knowledge of computer and software applications during the first & second year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To learn how to download nucleotide and protein sequence files from databases and its visualization. To compare different sequence analysis and nucleic acid database. To compose mean, median. mode and compare different tests of significance,
COURSE OUTCOMES:
- Compare nucleotide and protein sequence files from database.
- Distinguish between different sequence analysis platforms and nucleic acid databases. 3.Create graphical representation from data generated from different sampling methods.
- To compose mean. Median, mode and compare significance using different tests of significance.
OPEN COURSE-II
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
PRE- REQUISITE:
Basic knowledge of microorganisms gained during the first year of this programme.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The major objective of this paper is to impart knowledge about the basics of soil microorganisms their interactions and gain insight on biogeochemical cycles. The course will also give an understanding of the use of microbial populations in agriculture, and in the generation of value-added products mainly as bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers.
COURSE OUTCOME:
- To paraphrase on the microbiology of the soil and explain microbial interactions.
- To describe the interaction of soil microbes with plants and categorize the different microbial diseases of plants.
- To discuss the role of microbes as biopesticides and examine their role in integrated pest management.
- To describe the role of microbes as biofertilizers and review their application in agriculture.
- To understand plant disease mechanism and how to control plant diseases and also to get awareness on the impact of chemical fertilizers.